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List of References

Acknowledgements

All the information, pictures and photographs, video and audio recordings, and social media posts and engagements are used and credited below. Thank you to those that have provided written, audio, and video testimonials, as personal and public sources of information towards this topic, based on their experiences. They have helped establish this digital archive, focusing and informing on the role of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is not a personal project, and is only created for a course offered within the Department of Health and Society at the University of Toronto Scarborough. 

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A heartfelt thank you to all the healthcare workers that are fighting on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic, and at the same time, risking their own lives for the betterment of public health. Most of all, the ultimate sacrifice is that despite the risks to your own health, majority of you are distant from your families, protecting them from getting sick, while you help families that are in need of you. Your hard work, selflessness, resilience, and compassion are inspiring to witness during this extraordinarily, challenging time period. You have all been a pillar of strength within the global community, and we are fortunate and grateful for your dedication and hard work in keeping us safe and healthy.

Information 

  1. World Health Organization. Keep health workers safe to keep patients safe: WHO [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 Sep 17 [updated 2020 Sep 17; cited 2021 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/17-09-2020-keep-health-workers-safe-to-keep-patients-safe-who

  2. World Health Organization. Managing the COVID-19 infodemic: Promoting healthy behaviours and mitigating the harm from misinformation and disinformation [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 Sep 23 [updated 2020 Sep 23; cited 2021 Mar 12]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/23-09-2020-managing-the-covid-19-infodemic-promoting-healthy-behaviours-and-mitigating-the-harm-from-misinformation-and-disinformation

  3. Gold J. Health care workers speaking truth on social media: amplify and protect their voices [Internet]. United States of America: Stat; 2020 Apr 16 [updated 2020 Apr 16; cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from: https://www.statnews.com/2020/04/16/health-care-workers-speaking-truth-on-social-media-amplify-and-protect-their-voices/

Pictures and Photographs

  1. McKendrick D, CTV News. Shared Health searching for more healthcare workers to fight COVID-19 [image on the internet]. [2020 Oct 19] [cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from: https://winnipeg.ctvnews.ca/shared-health-searching-for-more-healthcare-workers-to-fight-covid-19-1.5151866

  2. Rogers J, Business Facilities. Remember The Heroes [image on the internet]. [2020 Apr 9] [cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from: https://businessfacilities.com/2020/04/remember-the-heroes/

  3. News Wires, France 24. French healthcare workers weight life-or-death decisions amid coronavirus shortages [image on the internet]. [2020 Apr 5] [cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from: https://www.france24.com/en/20200405-french-healthcare-workers-weigh-life-or-death-decisions-amid-coronavirus-shortages

  4. El Chaer N, Vogue Arabia. Paying Tribute to the Front Line Heroes in the Battle Against Covid-19 [image on the internet]. [2020 Mar 26] [cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from : https://en.vogue.me/culture/tribute-healthcare-workers-battle-covid-19/

  5. Consult QD, Cleveland Clinic. Risk of COVID-19 Infection Among Healthcare Workers [image on the internet]. [2020 Sep 17] [cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from: https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/risk-of-covid-19-infection-among-healthcare-workers/

  6. D’Andrea A, Toronto.com. The Frontline Fund arms Canadian healthcare workers fighting COVID-19 [image on the internet]. [2020 Apr 21] [cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from: https://www.toronto.com/news-story/9957608-the-frontline-fund-arms-canadian-healthcare-workers-fighting-covid-19/

  7. Herhalt C, CP24 News. Ontario reports 1,708 new COVID-19 cases; 24 new deaths. [image on the internet]. [2020 Nov 29] [cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from: https://www.cp24.com/news/ontario-reports-1-708-new-covid-19-cases-24-new-deaths-1.5209223?cache=yesclipId104062

  8. Ortega RP, Science Magazine. Health care workers seek to flatten COVID-19’s ‘second curve’ – their rising mental anguish [image on the internet]. [2020 Apr 22] [cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/health-care-workers-seek-flatten-covid-19-s-second-curve-their-rising-mental-anguish

  9. Haseltine WA, Forbes. Nearly 300,000 Healthcare Workers Have Been Infected With COVID-19 Worldwide, Threatening Health Systems [image on the internet]. [2021 Nov 17] [cited 2021 Mar 13]. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamhaseltine/2020/11/17/the-infection-of-hundreds-of-thousands-of-healthcare-workers-worldwide-poses-a-threat-to-national-health-systems/

  10. Associated Press, Spectrum News 1. Coronavirus Infects More Than 1.700 Chinese Healthcare Workers [image on the internet]. [2021 Deb 14] [cited 2021 Mar 14]. Available from: https://spectrumnews1.com/ky/northern-ky/coronavirus/2020/02/14/coronavirus-infects-chinese-healthcare-workers\

  11. Beer T, Forbes. Large Numbers of Health Care and Frontline Workers Are Refusing Covid-19 Vaccine [image on the internet]. [2021 Jan 2] [cited 2021 Mar 14]. Available from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/tommybeer/2021/01/02/large-numbers-of-health-care-and-frontline-workers-are-refusing-covid-19-vaccine/

  12. Sanchez R, CNN. Covid-19 vaccine is a source of hope for health care workers. But it comes too late for hundreds of them [image on the internet]. [2020 Dec 21] [cited 2021 Mar 14]. Available from: https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/21/us/coronavirus-vaccine-healthcare-workers/index.html

  13. Star staff, Toronto Star. Today’s coronavirus news: Ontario health care unions call for wage bump, better access to PPE; Ontario reports 1,299 cases, 15 deaths; Tam hopeful as pandemic nears one-year anniversary [image on the internet]. [2021 Mar 7] [cited 2021 Mar 14]. Available from: https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2021/03/07/todays-coronavirus-news-sunday-march-7-2021.html

  14. Kupferschmidt K, Science Magazine. Unprotected African health workers die as rich countries buy up COVID-19 vaccines [image on the internet]. [2021 Feb 17] [cited 2021 Mar 14]. Available from: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2021/02/unprotected-african-health-workers-die-rich-countries-buy-covid-19-vaccines

  15. The Guardian Features, The Guardian News. Concerns as new COVID-19 variants emerge [image on the internet]. [2021 Feb 18] [cited 2021 Mar 15]. Available from: https://guardian.ng/features/concerns-as-new-covid-19-variants-emerge/

  16. Heijmans P, Bloomberg. Virus Surge in Southeast Asia Migrant Workers Serves as Warning [image on the internet]. [2020 Apr 28] [cited 2021 Mar 15]. Available from: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-28/virus-surge-in-southeast-asia-migrant-workers-serves-as-warning

  17. Karpenchuk D, WBFO NPR. Ontario criticized for holding back available COVID vaccines doses [image on the internet]. [2021 Jan 7] [cited 2021 Mar 15]. Available from: https://news.wbfo.org/post/ontario-criticized-holding-back-available-covid-vaccine-doses

  18. Kupferschmidt K, Science Magazine. Trials of drugs to prevent coronavirus infection begin in health care workers [image on the internet]. [2020 Apr 7] [cited 2021 Mar 15]. Available from: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/trials-drugs-prevent-coronavirus-infection-begin-health-care-workers

  19. Nugali N, Arab News. Saudi Arabia’s active mass testing contains virus spread [image on the internet]. [2020 Apr 22] [cited 2021 Mar 16]. Available from: https://www.arabnews.com/node/1662946/saudi-arabia

  20. Abueish T, AlArabiya News. Saudi Arabia expands national COVID-19 vaccination campaign [image on the internet]. [2021 Mar 11] [cited 2021 Mar 16]. Available from: https://english.alarabiya.net/coronavirus/2021/03/11/Coronavirus-Saudi-Arabia-expands-national-COVID-19-vaccination-campaign-

  21. Watts E, Leck A, Hu V, Community Eye Health Journal. Personal protective equipment for COVID-19 in eye care [image on the internet]. [2020 Sep 1] [cited 2021 Mar 16]. Available from: https://www.cehjournal.org/article/ppe/

  22. Freepik, Freepik Images. Doctor putting on protective goggles Free Photo [image on the internet]. [date unknown] [cited 2021 Mar 16]. Available from: https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/doctor-putting-on-protective-goggles_12336531.htm

Video and Audio Recordings

  1. CBC. Dr. Simon Demers-Marcil describes his days in the ICU [Internet]. [Canada]: [CBC News Player]; 2020 Nov 22 [cited 2021 Mar 16]. Streaming video: 0:56 secs. Available from: https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1822925891517

  2. Google. Thank You Healthcare Workers [Internet]. [Place unknown]: [Youtube]; 2020 Mar 29 [cited 2021 Mar 16]. Streaming video: 1:00 min. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-rtuEgAHWw0&ab_channel=Google

  3. Adidas. Thank You, Healthcare Heroes [Internet]. [Place unknown]: [Youtube]; 2020 May 5 [cited 2021 Mar 16]. Streaming video: 1:07 min. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-pVZ7MCJfQ&ab_channel=adidas

  4. CanadaHelps. WATCH: A thank you to Canada’s healthcare workers [Internet]. [Canada]: [Youtube]; 2020 Apr 24 [cited 2021 Mar 16]. Streaming video: 1:21 min. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NgwUwL94fbc&t=7s&ab_channel=CanadaHelps

  5. UW Medicine. Life of a COVID-19 Nurse at Harborview’s ICU [Internet]. [United States of America]: [Youtube]; 2020 May 22 [cited 2021 Mar 17]. Streaming video: 5:42 mins. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aBoaCHKJKd8&ab_channel=UWMedicine

  6. NowThis News. Nurse Shares Heartbreaking Reality of Health Care Workers Fighting COVID-19 [Internet]. [Place unknown]: [Youtube]; 2020 Apr 11 [cited 2021 Mar 17]. Streaming video: 4.22 mins. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdqMd-070hs&ab_channel=NowThisNews

  7. KiniTV. Doctor who treated Malaysia’s first severe Covid-19 patient shares tragic ICU stories [Internet]. [Malaysia]: [Youtube]; 2021 Feb 2 [cited 2021 Mar 17]. Streaming video: 5:25 mins. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFW2YdQpzzk&ab_channel=KiniTV

  8. PBS Newshour. WATCH: One South African doctor’s fight in the battle against COVID-19 | A Diary from the Frontline [Internet]. [South Africa]: [Youtube]; 2020 Sep 21 [cited 2021 Mar 18]. Streaming video: 6:47 mins. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zVr8tCKfJsE&ab_channel=PBSNewsHour

  9. Ruptly. Italy: “I couldn’t sleep like 30 minutes” – Saudi doctor who stayed to help fight COVID-19 [Italy]: [Youtube]; 2020 Apr 22 [cited 2021 Mar 18]. Streaming video: 5:56 mins. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBV2aWyIUTA&ab_channel=Ruptly

Miscellaneous 

  1. Ontario Nurses Association. Frontlines [Internet]. Canada: Ontario Nurses Association; 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 16]. Available from: https://www.ona.org/wp-content/uploads/ona_frontlines_winter2020.pdf

  2. Toronto.com. 'I've seen too much:' A Toronto trauma nurse opens up from the pandemic front line [Internet]. Canada: Toronto.com; 2020 Jun 2 [cited 2021 March 16]. Available from: https://www.toronto.com/news-story/10000290--i-ve-seen-too-much-a-toronto-trauma-nurse-opens-up-from-the-pandemic-front-line/

  3. Bansal R. Healthy Debate: Eram - RN [Internet]. Canada: Health Debate; 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 16]. Available from: https://healthydebate.ca/2020/06/topic/eram-rn/

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